“The project had been discussed and deliberated for 20 years,” says Dan Riordan, revitalization supervisor, City of Salem. “There was no previous conference center in Salem - the site was a former Ramada Inn on the southern edge of downtown, which had little to offer in the way of economic growth. Most of the economic gain was coming from the retail district on the north end of downtown. It wasn’t until we looked at the broader economic impact of the Conference Center that the project became viable.”
The result of the focus on improving the economic impact was evident within the first 10 months of operation. The Conference Center hosted 284 events attended by some 45,000 people, and also provided classroom and meeting space for nearby Willamette University. This kind of activity helped the Conference Center realize a small profit within the first year. “And, typically, conference centers do not make money in the first year,” says Riordan.
Once the goal of improving the economics of the southern edge of downtown was in place, it was natural for the city to consider the environmental impact as well. “Designing a sustainable building was a given, not only because of the region’s appreciation for the natural environment, but also because we recognize that sustainable buildings reduce life-cycle costs if they’re designed properly,” explains Riordan.
From Recycled Flooring to an Efficient Cooling System
From the first drawings, the building was designed for LEED® certification. For example, LEED awards points for re-use of existing materials, and 75 percent of construction waste was recycled or salvaged. The old Ramada Inn is literally underfoot - it was crushed up, combined with concrete, and used to make the terrazzo floors. Other sustainable design features include reflective roofing and underground parking, which minimize urban heat islands. The floor-to-ceiling windows are programmable, and able to open and close automatically to regulate natural ventilation and air circulation. The building is currently LEED-registered, with certification pending.
When summer temperatures require air-conditioning, two McQuay 150-ton frictionless chillers and 23 McQuay Vision™ indoor air-handlers condition and circulate the air. The equipment was chosen because it met project requirements for efficient operation and low sound levels. An energy cost analysis estimated that the HVAC system would provide 20-percent better efficiency than comparable equipment.
“A properly designed chilled water system can provide very good energy efficiency,” says Ray Quisenberry, senior mechanical designer with Interface Engineering, Salem, OR, who specified the project. “This project was of a size that provided for a decent payback period for the extra up front first cost of a chiller system. The low operating cost of these particular chillers made the payback even better.”
Quisenberry adds: “Noise control was also very high on the list of the owner’s concerns, and noise and vibration from a central chiller plant is easier to design for and control than a more dispersed system such as rooftop package equipment or split systems.” Sound pressure ratings for the McQuay chiller are 77 dBA per ARI Standard 575, among the lowest in the industry.
Nickel Test Demonstrates Low Vibration and Noise
Introduced in 2004, the McQuay frictionless chiller is not only quiet and energy efficient, but it’s also designed for long-term operation. It uses R-134a refrigerant, which has no phase-outschedule or ozone-depletion potential. LEED recognizes this environmental feature and awards 1 point for systems that do not use HCFC refrigerants.
The key to the chiller’s efficiency and quiet operation is the compressor’s digitally controlled magnetic bearing system, which replaces conventional lubricated bearings. The compressor rotor and impeller shaft “float” on a magnetic cushion, which virtually eliminates vibration. To further reduce operating sound levels, the compressor’s magnetic bearings eliminate the metal-to-metal contact noise of conventional bearings.
“While energy efficiency was a primary factor in choosing a frictionless chiller, operating sound levels were equally as important,” says Joel Rohrs, senior project manager, Rushforth Construction, Tacoma, WA. “The mechanical room is located on the third floor of the facility, and we wanted to mitigate noise and vibration as much as possible so can visitors can easily hear lectures and presentations without background noise interruptions.”
“We bench-tested both chillers at McQuay’s manufacturing facility for sound and efficiency,” explains Rohrs. “One test demonstrated how smoothly and quietly the chiller runs. We set a nickel on its edge on top of the chiller while it was running at 80 percent of capacity. We were amazed that the nickel didn’t move. Vibration and its associated noise are a huge drawback of conventional chillers. This test demonstrated that the frictionless chiller has none of those issues.”
The air handlers, too, are designed for quiet operation, and no additional sound attenuation was added to the equipment. To further reduce sound levels, double-walled duct and duct lining was installed where necessary.
Part Load Efficiency Pays Off
In addition to its vibration-free operation, the chiller consumes far less power - and costs less to operate - than conventional chillers. The Conference Center is not always occupied, so a chiller that could efficiently run at part load was critical. Because of its integral variable speed drives, the McQuay chiller can operate down to 10 percent of its load with extraordinary efficiency. Energy usage at part load can be as low as .305 kW per ton. By comparison, a constant speed chiller would be forced to cycle on and off below approximately 25-percent load, resulting in less temperature control and more wear and tear on the compressor motors.
“The energy and cost savings is incredible,” says Todd Stiers, Conference Center facility manager. “Other comparable chillers require 1,000 amps per leg at start-up. By contrast, when the McQuay chiller starts up, each compressor takes only 7 to 10 amps. Also, it ramps up more slowly, so we don’t require a big surge of electricity in the beginning, which would be quite costly.”
To further increase efficiencies, an underfloor, closed-loop hydronic system provides radiant heating and cooling. Underfloor pipes circulate cool or warm water as needed. When air-conditioning is required, the Vision air-handlers, which are equipped with variable frequency drives, supply cool and fresh air to every space of the Conference Center. Also, a large energy recovery unit transfers energy from building relief air to pre-condition fresh air entering the Conference Center.
Well Worth the Wait
Even though the residents of Salem waited a long time for their Conference Center, today they are enjoying the best of what sustainable design offers - not only a beautiful building that exemplifies the Pacific Northwest, but also one that showcases the best of energy efficiency and positive economic impact.
McQuay Intl. delivers engineered, flexible solutions for commercial, industrial, and institutional HVAC requirements with reliable products, knowledgeable applications expertise, and responsive support. McQuay products and services are provided through a worldwide network of dedicated sales and service offices. For more information or the name of your local McQuay representative, call (800) 432-1342 or visit (www.mcquay.com).
